Specifism ad Universalis
Rather than posting an extremely long comment, I’ve decided another post would be better. You can reach my first post here, and Trevor’s article here.
I think it is important to note that I do not take issue with Trevor’s entire article. Indeed, there are many positive things about it that I think are excellent challenges regarding how some Christians can tend to get wrapped up in a legalistic pharisaical way of living. My guess is that Trevor and I firmly agree on this area—legalism is why “religion†(not God) can suck.
Though a good amount of Trev’s postulations connect positively with me, there are a few substantial specifics with which I take issue. I’ll post the lines/ideas that bother me and then comment after them so observers (of which there are apparently a lot) can better see possible core philosophical differences.
Many people follow the Way of Jesus their whole lives and don’t even know it. Being a Christian is doing so intentionally. The Way of Jesus, then, is not an exclusive path - negating other modes of life or religiosity. People in other religions and lifestyles very often follow this Way better than we Christians do.
This area of thought is extremely convoluted, and it is important too, for it speaks directly to how we handle evangelism in other cultures. How do we share with Muslims who are monotheistic and worship the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob? Is their God the same God as our God? Why or why not? What about Hindus, whose religion and culture are inextricably intertwined? The reason Jainists and Buddhists are not Hindus is because their beliefs entail a departure from traditional Hindu culture (it’s not the actual doctrine that separates them—you can be a monotheist, an atheist, or a pantheist and still be a Hindu). What about Taoists whose entire philosophy has to do with love and submission? “Conquering with tranquility†is their maxim—through submission, through loving and allowing the something else to “win†one finds true victory. Of course this too, sounds very attractive to Christians; yet is it sufficient, dare we claim that the way of the Taoist (Tao actually means “the wayâ€) is the way of Christ (though, albeit in ignorance) and really “all that matters?â€
So I have laid out the complexity of the issue; my problem with Trevor’s paragraph cited above is that he seems to be claiming the Way may be followed in ignorance, and that really all that Christianity is, is a name—Jesus is the arbitrary symbol for an ontological “way†that may be just as easily referred to as “Moksha,†or “Tao,†or perhaps “Nirvana.†Just as Buddhism negates aspects of Hinduism, it is indelibly true that Christianity does, and at times must negate other forms of religiosity; and even if it does not negate, it will entail addition.
Let us move on to the other issues:
Seeing the God-Light in every human (and even non-human). (in the second bulleted point)
While it is true that humanity was created in the image of God, it is equally true that that image was shattered in the fall—the lamp of the “God-Light†is broken, and though it can be restored, it does not naturally burn bright—this is the miracle of Christ, a supernatural restoration to the beginning natural state; being brought to life. Of course, I do affirm that people have value, but this is not because they have the “God-Light.†There are a host of other valid reasons to affirm the value of humanity without claiming that everyone already has God’s light burning brightly in them; perhaps even the potential to have such a light would be enough.
Perhaps the ambiguous nature of Trev’s phraseology is responsible; for the idea of non-humans possessing a ubiquitous “God-Light†is confusing. There are different philosophers who have postulated regarding the “Soulishness†of all things; Spinoza argued that we are all specific modifications of one universal substance, which he calls God. If Trev is arguing in this direction (and it appears he is judging from later passages), there are strong ramifications in nearly every area of Christian doctrine.
Returning sight to the Blind -Helping people “wake up” and see the Kingdom of God that is already “spread out upon the earth although people don’t see it.”
Christian understanding of the Kingdom of God is something vitally important to the way we understand our mission and identity on earth. The Kingdom of God is at hand; it is here, but not yet. It is important to avoid two fallacies. If the Kingdom is fully “here in totality,†we become externally nihilist—for one look around suffices to show the oft times horrendous state of affairs the world is in. Does this mean that the Kingdom is merely an internal Kingdom? (it’s not, but of course that sort of theology leads to that conclusion). If the Kingdom is fully “not yet,†hope for real change in the world (and in self) disappears. The Kingdom is not “spread out upon the earth,†but it is “at hand.â€
Led by the Spirit of God -This entails tuning into the Spirit of God that is present in every human being and in Creation (consider a suggestion that the Holy Spirit may not have been sent on Pentecost, rather recognized on Pentecost). This Spirit is endowed with Wisdom and always suggests “the highest good.”
This thinking is perhaps the most blatantly antagonistic part of the entire essay. I’ve already commented on it strongly at the conclusion of my opening post. Perhaps this would be a good place to expound upon some of the ramifications that this philosophy entails. If the Spirit of God is present in every human being in a sort of Universal way, it is quite likely that following “the way†doesn’t even matter. Grace becomes extended universally to everything without any need for acceptance. Belief and action become meaningless, for “he can not deny himself.†Of course, the idea of a universally present Spirit “endowed with wisdom†that always suggests “the highest good†is evidently false (hence the need to bring compassion and healing to a broken and selfish world).
In conclusion, it appears as if Trevor’s philosophy is built upon the shaky foundation of Universalism, and as such, must be rejected. Those who are familiar with Derrida might easily picture his “web of meaning†(which he says has no center [God]) as the God that Trev seems to be describing. God is not the pervasive web, he is the ontological word through which meaning is found and decoded. He is truth; and he is not Universal.



Oct 18th 2004
It’s been awhile since I’ve stopped by here, but at the suggestion of groovingdan tonight, I dropped by. I think this is a well written response, Tim, and much more useful than the previous ‘ad-hominem’ post. Going into more detail gives your stance a good deal more clarity, and I think it is a more appropriate method for reasons explained in my conclusion.
I particularly liked the eloquency of this statement:
“While it is true that humanity was created in the image of God, it is equally true that that image was shattered in the fall—the lamp of the “God-Light†is broken, and though it can be restored, it does not naturally burn bright—this is the miracle of Christ, a supernatural restoration to the beginning natural state; being brought to life.“
I usually don’t fully agree with most conceptions of the fall, but tend to see it as more of an avalanche. (Though I still sometimes refer to it as ‘the fall’ when I’m not being picky about wording.) I see Adam and Eve’s sin not as something that causes us to be tainted upon birth, but in a paradigm similar to the statement Trev used: “we are not punished FOR sin (by God), but BY sin. We sin not because we are born evil little creatures but because we learned or were influenced to sin from the sin of our parents, and they learned from the generation before, ad infinitum to the first sin. Thus we are born into a sinful world, and our desires become twisted even from early childhood.
However, regardless of my opinionated lean toward that direction, I still think many Christians — as you do — find the Bible to be pretty clear on the idea that this ‘fallen’ pattern of sinfulness cannot be escaped by our own volition. Each of us will sin inevitably, and Jesus is the only answer for redemption and renewal. I agree that other cultures and non-christians may live better in certain ways than I and others in my community do and that we should strive to change because of it, but I don’t believe they are somehow following ‘the way’ better than we are because the only ‘way’ I believe I can follow is Jesus.
I think the difficulty as well as the hope in Christianity often comes from the scandal of its particularity. It isn’t simply “the way”. It is Jesus’ way. The New Testament doesn’t depict the tale of “a savior” who shows us a model for how we need to die and be reborn in various ways along the way, rather it is a witness of the savior, Jesus who died as the one and only pure sacrifice and whose spirit and disciples call each of us to lose our life for His sake, too. Like Tim, I think that Trev has many great ideas (like real communal living and sacrifice, leaving behind cynicism, striving beyond a ‘bullet-point’ faith, etc.), but I too am still wary of the universal extraction being done in his article.
To give an example of when such ‘universality’ might be contradictory, I’d also like to make a comment on Trev’s statement about leveling the social playing field. Though I do think that social redeeming is a very important part of following Jesus, there are also a lot of times where that drive is tempered within the Bible. Jesus commended the woman who lavished expensive perfume upon him. Slaves are instructed by Paul to not rebel against their masters even if they are Christian but rather to sacrifice to them. Actually, rather than to say tempered it might more apt to say greatly desired — not for its own sake — but because of God’s sacrificial love and brought about through methods in accordance with it rather than through our own culturally accepted methods or always to our definitions of equality (which in some ways may not currently reflect His Kingdom).
That said, from reading other comments Trev has written, I don’t think you should merely “reject his philosophy” for you might find him understanding of your essential point, Tim. Take this one placed on Dan’s recent post:
“Unfortunately, tolerance can go too far. I think taking it “too far” stems from an absurd extreme postmodernism where as Ken Wilber puts it “there is nothing but interpretation, and thus we can dispense with the objective component of truth altogether.” (He then says “in which case this theory cannot itself claim to be true: ‘So, if true, it is false. So, it is false.’”)“
“Backers of 100% Tolerance would side with the Extreme Postmodernist in saying that no viewpoint is better than another since all perspectives are simply perspectives from perspectives. Of course people can claim this until, like you said, somebody steps on THEIR toes.“
Trev probably isn’t trying to build an unshakable philosophy here; though naturally if he’s really trying to do that, it would make sense to say that such a thing probably isn’t possible as you have done. Instead, I think he’s trying to figure out how to be a Christian and his viewpoint is limited by his cultural vocabulary and experience (as each of our viewpoints always is) and as is evident from your approach, his background in philosophy in comparison to yours. Because of all that, I also think he deserves a little slack and an approach directed more toward engagement and teaching in love rather than flat out rejection.
Oct 18th 2004
I read back through my comment and I just to clarify that last paragraph a little.
The reason I think Trev’s goal isn’t to form an unshakable ‘universalist’ philosophy is because his comment shows that he sees that not all ‘accepting’ ideas and actions can inherently be accepted in our following of Jesus. According to the ‘objective’ terminology he uses it may sound like he is trying to form one, but in his heart I don’t think that’s his real aim.
Oct 18th 2004
great comments guys. this is one of the best convresations on universalism and specifism that I’ve read.
Oct 18th 2004
How can one say that Christianity is the one true religion when compared to others that are very similar. Christianity is one of the newly developed religions when compared to all others and it has changed and developed over centuries. What most Christians believe now, is new compared to what Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvanists believed then. In fact, one of the earliest forms of monotheism was in Egypt under Akhenaton. He worshipped the One God who was the creator of the universe and his Son would rule as king. Would this religion be wrong. If a person such as a Muslim believes in the one true God and lives only to worship Him why would God punish him for being brought up in a different culture who did not base their beliefs upon Christ Jesus. There are those who never hear about Christ, but can look around them and realize that this world must have been created by some Supreme Being. What happens when they die? Will he be sent to hell b/c he did not have the privilege of some missionary telling him about Christ’s sacrifice on the cross. Organized religion just gets in the way of God. Most churches only care about appearances, and helping and supporting others in need comes in second. It only matters what we believe in our heart and that we live our life accordingly.
Oct 18th 2004
well friends, it’s been a long day for me. Just wanted to thank Travis for his insightful comment–good stuff.
I DID see Trevor’s comment on Dan’s blog, but I was taking his article as a piece of text unencumbered by any psycho-analytical suppositions that might possibly be derived via speculation over that solitary comment.
I don’t have time right this moment to visit Anonymous’s comment, perhaps for now they might examine in their heart whether historicity alone can ever validate a matter of ultimate truth (historiography in and of itself is quite an interesting, albeit convoluted topic).
Enough for now, but hey - if you’re just an onlooker, feel free to add something to the melee.
I think we’re all looking forward to Trevor’s reply.
Oct 19th 2004
“psycho-analytical suppositions that might possibly be derived via speculation“
aka - benefit of the doubt.
Oct 19th 2004
Tim - the discussion continues. Here is my recent response: http://trevdiesel.blogspot.com/2004/10/discussion-part-ii.html